Wash rice: Place the rice in a small bowl and gently wash the rice until the water runs mostly clear. Soak in water and set aside while you proceed with the recipe.
Heat oil and ghee in a nonstick Dutch oven over medium heat. Add the onion and sauté, stirring often, until golden brown (~10 minutes). The onions will determine the color of the pulao so you want them deeply and evenly golden-brown. Deglaze the pan with ¼ cup water. Once the water dries up, add all the garlic, ginger, green chili pepper (if using), and whole spices and sauté for 2 minutes, until aromatic.
Add the drained chickpeas and salt and stir to combine. Pour in the water.
Increase the heat to high and cover to bring to a boil. Meanwhile, drain the rice thoroughly. Once the water comes to a boil, add the drained rice and stir gently to mix. Taste the broth. It should taste saltier than you prefer because it’ll mellow out once rice is cooked. If it's not, add a bit more salt.
Cover to bring to a boil again, then reduce the heat to medium or medium-low. Cover partially with the lid. Allow to gently simmer, undisturbed, for about 5 minutes. The water level will reduce and the rice will rise to the surface. (See Note 1.)
Steaming (‘Dum’): Layer the lid with a kitchen cloth or tea towel and seal tightly. Allow the pulao to develop steam for a few seconds. You’ll be able to feel the steam escaping from the sides of the pan.
Reduce the heat to the lowest setting and allow it to cook for 15 minutes. Turn off the heat and allow it to rest for another 10-15 minutes. (Do not peek or stir throughout this process.)
Use a rice paddle to gently lift the rice from the edges and fluff. Transfer onto a serving tray (or your plate!). Garnish with cilantro, if desired. Serve with veg raita, mint raita, or plain yogurt.